亞洲大學基礎程式設計教材(AUP110-Fundamentals of Programming)¶

#Week7-常用內建函數以及字串的使用

Topic 1(主題1)-輸入參數的複習¶

input()

Step 1: 輸入一個字串參數¶

instr = input()
print(instr)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
StdinNotImplementedError                  Traceback (most recent call last)
/tmp/ipykernel_918/3106458668.py in <module>
----> 1 instr = input()
      2 print(instr)

~/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ipykernel/kernelbase.py in raw_input(self, prompt)
   1001         """
   1002         if not self._allow_stdin:
-> 1003             raise StdinNotImplementedError(
   1004                 "raw_input was called, but this frontend does not support input requests."
   1005             )

StdinNotImplementedError: raw_input was called, but this frontend does not support input requests.

Step 2: 輸入一個整數參數¶

instr = input()
val = int(instr)
print(val)

#合併輸入和整數的轉換
val = int(input())
print(val)

Step 3: 輸入一個浮點數參數¶

instr = input()
val = float(instr)
print(val)

#合併輸入和浮點數轉換
val = float(input())
print(val)

Step 4: 輸入二個字串參數¶

instr = input()
paras = instr.split()
a = paras[0]
b = paras[1]
print(f"{a} {b}")

#合併輸入和字串分割
a, b = input().split()
print(f"{a} {b}")

Step 5: 輸入三個整數參數¶

instr = input()
paras = instr.split()
a = int(paras[0])
b = int(paras[1])
c = int(paras[2])
print(f"a={a} b={b} c={c}")

#合併輸入和數字轉換
a, b, c = map(int, input().split())
print(f"a={a} b={b} c={c}")

Topic 2(主題2)-格式化輸出的複習¶

Step 1: 格式化輸出多個變數¶

year = 2016
event = 'Referendum'
print(f'Results of the {year} {event}') 

Step 2: 控制格式化輸出的寛度和排列¶

yes_votes = 42_572_654
no_votes = 43_132_495
percentage = yes_votes / (yes_votes + no_votes)
print(f'{yes_votes:9} YES votes {percentage:2.2%}')

Topic 3(主題3)-字串的索引(Indexing)和切片(Slicing)¶

Step 1: 字串的索引(Indexing)¶

string.index(value, start, end)

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."
x = txt.index("welcome")
print(x)

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."
print(txt[7])

txt = "Hello, welcome to my world."
print(txt[7:14])

Step 2: 字串的切片(Slicing)¶

str1 = "Hello, World!"
print(str1[7:13])

str1 = "Hello, World!"
print(str1[7:])

str1 = "Hello, World!"
print(str1[-6:])

str1 = "Hello, World!"
print(str1[-6:-3])

str1 = "Hello, World!"
print(str1[::-1])

Topic 4(主題4)-字串的函數¶

分割字串 str.split()
大小寫 str.lower(),str.upper()
去頭去尾 str.strip(),str.rstrip(),str.lstrip()

Step 1: 分割 str.split()¶

original_string = "ab_cd_ef"
split_string = original_string.split("_")#splits string by "_"
print(split_string)

original_string = "ab cd ef"
split_string = original_string.split()#splits string by " "
print(split_string)

Step 2: 大小寫 str.lower(),str.upper()¶

ss = "Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin";
s1 = ss.lower()
s2 = ss.upper()
print(s1)
print(s2)

Step 3: 去頭去尾 str.strip(),str.rstrip(),str.lstrip()

ss = "   Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin   ";
s1 = ss.strip() #去頭尾
s2 = ss.rstrip() #去尾
s3 = ss.lstrip() #去頭
print(s1)
print(s2)
print(s3)

Topic 5(主題5)-ascii/unicode 轉換的函數¶

Step 1: ord()函數¶

ord()給定一個長度為1的字符串，當參數為unicode對象時，返回一個整數，該整數表示字符的Unicode代碼點；如果參數為8位字符串，則返回ascii的值。

# 輸入字元
ch = input("Keyin a character: ")
print( "The ascii code of character {} is {}".format(ch, ord(ch))) 

Step 2: chr()函數¶

s1 = "大家好"
s2 = "\u5927\u5bb6\u597d"
print(s1)
print(s2)

s1 = "大家好"
s2 = "\u5927\u5bb6\u597d"
print("The unicode code of characters {} is {:d} {:d} {:d}".format(s1, ord(s1[0]), ord(s1[1]), ord(s1[2])))

s1 = "大家好"
s2 = "\u5927\u5bb6\u597d"
print("The unicode code of characters {} is \\u{:x} \\u{:x} \\u{:x}".format(s1, ord(s1[0]), ord(s1[1]), ord(s1[2])))

# 輸入字元
ch = input("Keyin a character: ")
print( "The unicode code of character {} is {:d}".format(ch, ord(ch))) #:d 10進位數
print( "The unicode code of character {} is \\u{:x}".format(ch, ord(ch))) #:x 16進位數

code = 23478
print(f"The unicode code of code {code} is {chr(code)}") # 10進位數

code = "23478"
code = int(code)
print(f"The unicode code of code {code} is {chr(code)}") # 10進位數

code = "597d"# 16進位數
code = int(code,16)# 16進位數轉換
print(f"The unicode code of code {code:x} is {chr(code)}") # 16進位數